Isocitrate is a key intermediate in the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, which is essential for cellular respiration. It is formed from citrate through the action of the enzyme aconitase. Isocitrate plays a crucial role in energy production by being converted into alpha-ketoglutarate while releasing carbon dioxide. In addition to its role in energy metabolism, isocitrate is involved in various biochemical pathways. It can be further metabolized to produce NADH and ATP, which are vital energy carriers in cells. Isocitrate also serves as a substrate for the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase, which is important for regulating metabolic processes.