Islamic empires were powerful political and cultural entities that emerged after the rise of Islam in the 7th century. The first major empire was the Umayyad Caliphate, which expanded rapidly across the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Europe. This was followed by the Abbasid Caliphate, known for its advancements in science, philosophy, and the arts, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age. These empires played a crucial role in connecting diverse cultures and facilitating trade across regions. They established significant cities like Baghdad and Cordoba, which became centers of learning and innovation. The influence of Islamic empires can still be seen today in various aspects of culture, architecture, and governance.