Islamic civilizations refer to the diverse cultures and societies that developed under the influence of Islam from the 7th century onward. These civilizations spread across regions such as the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Asia, contributing significantly to advancements in science, art, and philosophy. Key centers of learning, like Baghdad and Cordoba, became hubs for scholars who preserved and expanded upon ancient knowledge. The Islamic Golden Age saw remarkable achievements in mathematics, astronomy, and medicine, shaping the intellectual landscape of the world and influencing future generations.