Islamic Spain, also known as Al-Andalus, refers to the period of Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula from the early 8th century until the late 15th century. This era began with the Umayyad conquest in 711 and saw the establishment of a rich cultural and intellectual center, particularly in cities like Cordoba, Seville, and Granada. During this time, Islamic Spain became known for its advancements in science, philosophy, and the arts, blending Islamic, Christian, and Jewish influences. The Alhambra, a stunning palace and fortress in Granada, remains a symbol of this vibrant cultural heritage, showcasing intricate architecture and design.