An Islamic Republic is a form of government that combines elements of Islamic law, or Sharia, with republican principles. In these states, the political system is often characterized by elected representatives, but the laws and policies are heavily influenced by Islamic teachings. The leadership may include religious authorities who ensure that the government adheres to Islamic principles. The most notable example of an Islamic Republic is the Islamic Republic of Iran, established after the 1979 revolution. Other countries, such as Pakistan and Afghanistan, have also adopted this system to varying degrees. The balance between religious authority and democratic governance can differ significantly among these nations.