The Islamic Reform Movement refers to a series of efforts aimed at modernizing and revitalizing Islamic thought and practice. Emerging in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it sought to address the challenges posed by colonialism, Western influence, and internal stagnation within the Muslim community. Reformers advocated for a return to the original teachings of Islam, emphasizing rationality, education, and social justice. Key figures in this movement include Muhammad Abduh and Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, who promoted the idea of ijtihad, or independent reasoning, to reinterpret Islamic texts. The movement has led to various interpretations and practices, influencing contemporary Islamic thought and contributing to debates on modernity and tradition.