The Iraqi political landscape is characterized by a complex system of governance that emerged after the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003. It features a parliamentary democracy where the Council of Representatives plays a central role in lawmaking and government formation. Various political parties, often based on ethnic and sectarian lines, compete for power, leading to a fragmented political environment. Ethnic groups such as Arabs, Kurds, and Turkmen influence the political dynamics, with Shia and Sunni Muslims representing the major sectarian divisions. The presence of militant groups and ongoing security challenges further complicate governance, making political stability a continuous struggle for Iraqi leaders.