The Ionian Revolt (499-494 BCE) was a significant uprising of Greek city-states in Ionia against Persian rule. It began when the city of Miletus sought to free itself from Persian control, leading other Ionian cities to join the rebellion. The revolt was fueled by discontent over heavy taxation and the loss of autonomy. The revolt gained support from mainland Greece, notably from Athens and Eretria, which sent ships to assist the Ionians. However, the rebellion ultimately failed, culminating in the fall of Miletus in 494 BCE. This conflict set the stage for future confrontations between Greece and Persia, including the Greco-Persian Wars.