Intercalation is a process where molecules, such as drugs or dyes, insert themselves between the layers of a material, often in a structured manner. This is commonly observed in the context of DNA, where intercalating agents can slip between the base pairs, potentially affecting the DNA's function and stability. In materials science, intercalation can occur in layered compounds like graphite or clay. When ions or small molecules are introduced between the layers, they can modify the material's properties, enhancing conductivity or reactivity. This technique is useful in various applications, including energy storage and catalysis.