Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules that store and transmit genetic information in living organisms. They are primarily classified into two types: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). DNA carries the genetic blueprint for the development and functioning of all known life forms, while RNA plays a crucial role in translating that information into proteins. These molecules are composed of long chains of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of nucleic acids. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The sequence of these bases encodes the genetic instructions necessary for life, making nucleic acids fundamental to biology and heredity.