Intercalating agents are molecules that can insert themselves between the base pairs of DNA or RNA. This insertion can disrupt the normal structure of the nucleic acids, potentially affecting processes like DNA replication and transcription. These agents are often used in research and can also be found in some chemotherapy drugs, as they can interfere with the growth of cancer cells. Common examples of intercalating agents include ethidium bromide and doxorubicin. While they can be useful in laboratory settings for visualizing DNA or treating certain diseases, their ability to disrupt genetic material can also lead to mutations and other cellular damage, highlighting the need for careful handling.