An Integrated Circuit (IC) is a set of electronic circuits on a small chip of semiconductor material, typically silicon. These circuits can perform various functions, such as amplification, signal processing, and data storage, making them essential components in modern electronic devices like smartphones and computers. ICs have revolutionized the electronics industry by allowing for miniaturization and increased functionality. They are used in countless applications, from simple devices like calculators to complex systems like computers and telecommunications equipment. The development of IC technology has paved the way for advancements in technology and has significantly impacted everyday life.