A microprocessor is a compact integrated circuit designed to function as the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer. It performs arithmetic, logic, control, and input/output operations specified by the instructions in a program. Microprocessors are essential for executing tasks in various devices, from personal computers to smartphones and embedded systems. The development of microprocessors has revolutionized technology, enabling the creation of smaller, more efficient devices. They are built using millions of transistors on a single chip, allowing for high-speed processing and multitasking capabilities. Notable examples include the Intel 8086 and ARM Cortex series, which have shaped modern computing.