Integer arithmetic involves basic mathematical operations using whole numbers, which can be positive, negative, or zero. The primary operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. For example, adding two integers like 3 and -2 results in 1, while multiplying 4 by -3 gives -12. In integer arithmetic, certain rules apply, such as the commutative property, which states that the order of addition or multiplication does not change the result. Division can be more complex, as dividing by zero is undefined. Understanding these principles is essential for solving various mathematical problems involving integers.