The Indonesian Independence Movement was a struggle for freedom from Dutch colonial rule, which began in the early 20th century. Key figures, such as Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta, emerged as leaders advocating for independence. The movement gained momentum during World War II when the Japanese occupied Indonesia, weakening Dutch control. After Japan's defeat in 1945, Sukarno and Hatta declared Indonesia's independence on August 17. This led to a four-year diplomatic and military struggle against the Dutch, culminating in international recognition of Indonesia's sovereignty in 1949. The movement marked a significant moment in the country's history, shaping its national identity.