Indo-Pakistani relations refer to the diplomatic, political, and military interactions between the countries of India and Pakistan. These relations have been historically strained since Pakistan gained independence from India in 1947, primarily due to territorial disputes, especially over the Kashmir region. Several wars and ongoing conflicts have shaped their relationship, leading to a complex mix of cooperation and hostility. Efforts for peace have included various dialogues and treaties, but tensions often resurface due to issues like cross-border terrorism and military skirmishes. Both nations possess nuclear weapons, which adds a layer of caution to their interactions, making stability in the region a significant concern for global security.