The Indigenous Peoples of Papua New Guinea comprise over 800 distinct cultural groups, each with its own language, traditions, and customs. This diversity is reflected in their rich art, music, and social structures, which are often closely tied to the land and natural resources. Many Indigenous communities practice subsistence agriculture, hunting, and fishing, relying on their environment for sustenance. Traditional beliefs and practices are integral to their identity, with ceremonies and rituals playing a significant role in community life. The Indigenous Peoples continue to face challenges related to land rights and cultural preservation in the face of modernization and external influences.