The Indian Sultanate refers to a series of Muslim kingdoms that ruled large parts of the Indian subcontinent from the 13th to the 16th centuries. These sultanates emerged after the decline of the Ghurid Empire and were characterized by their unique blend of Persian, Indian, and Islamic cultures. Notable sultanates included the Delhi Sultanate, which was established in 1206, and the Bengal Sultanate. The rulers of the Indian Sultanate were known as sultans, and they played a significant role in shaping the region's political landscape. They introduced new administrative systems, promoted trade, and contributed to the development of architecture, as seen in structures like the Qutub Minar. The period ended with the rise of the Mughal Empire in the early 16th century.