Independence movements are efforts by groups or nations to gain political freedom and self-governance from a ruling power. These movements often arise in response to colonialism, oppression, or foreign domination, as people seek to establish their own identity and control over their affairs. Throughout history, many countries have experienced independence movements, such as the American Revolution against British rule and the Indian Independence Movement led by figures like Mahatma Gandhi. These movements can involve peaceful protests, negotiations, or armed conflict, ultimately aiming to achieve sovereignty and the right to self-determination.