In-situ techniques refer to methods used to analyze or manipulate materials directly at their original location, rather than removing them for study. This approach is commonly employed in fields like geology, environmental science, and archaeology, allowing researchers to gather data without disturbing the site. These techniques can include in-situ spectroscopy, geophysical surveys, and remote sensing, which provide valuable insights into the properties and conditions of the materials being studied. By using in-situ methods, scientists can obtain more accurate and context-rich information, leading to better understanding and decision-making regarding the site or material in question.