Immunological disorders occur when the immune system, which protects the body from infections and diseases, malfunctions. This can lead to conditions where the immune system is either overactive, attacking the body's own tissues, or underactive, making the body more susceptible to infections. Common examples include autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, as well as immunodeficiency disorders such as HIV/AIDS. These disorders can result from genetic factors, environmental influences, or infections. Symptoms vary widely depending on the specific disorder but may include fatigue, inflammation, and frequent infections. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing these conditions effectively.