Igneous Petrology is the branch of geology that studies igneous rocks, which are formed from the solidification of molten material called magma. This field examines the mineral composition, texture, and origin of these rocks, helping scientists understand the processes that shape the Earth's crust. Researchers in igneous petrology often analyze rock samples to determine their chemical and physical properties. This information can reveal the conditions under which the magma cooled, whether it was deep underground or erupted onto the surface as lava. Understanding these processes is crucial for insights into volcanic activity and the formation of the Earth's landscape.