"Ideal Theory" is a philosophical approach that focuses on defining a perfect or just society based on principles of fairness, equality, and justice. It often contrasts with "non-ideal theory," which addresses real-world injustices and practical solutions. Ideal theorists, like John Rawls, aim to create models of how societies should function under ideal conditions. Critics argue that ideal theory can be disconnected from the complexities of actual social issues, making it less applicable to everyday problems. They emphasize the importance of addressing existing inequalities and injustices, which is the focus of non-ideal theorists, such as Charles Mills.