"Justice as Fairness" is a political philosophy developed by John Rawls in his book "A Theory of Justice." It proposes that a just society is one where the principles of justice are agreed upon in a fair manner, ensuring that everyone has equal rights and opportunities. Rawls introduces the idea of the "original position," where individuals choose principles of justice behind a "veil of ignorance," unaware of their own social status or personal characteristics. This approach emphasizes two key principles: the first guarantees equal basic liberties for all, while the second allows social and economic inequalities only if they benefit the least advantaged members of society. By prioritizing fairness, "Justice as Fairness" aims to create a more equitable and just social structure.