Hypercholesterolemia is a medical condition characterized by high levels of cholesterol in the blood. Cholesterol is a fatty substance that is essential for various bodily functions, but excessive amounts can lead to health issues, particularly cardiovascular diseases. It is often caused by a combination of genetic factors, poor diet, and lack of physical activity. Managing hypercholesterolemia typically involves lifestyle changes, such as adopting a healthier diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, along with regular exercise. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to help lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of complications like heart attacks and strokes.