Atherosclerosis is a condition where the arteries become narrowed and hardened due to the buildup of plaque, which is made up of fat, cholesterol, and other substances. This buildup can restrict blood flow, making it harder for the heart to pump blood throughout the body. Over time, atherosclerosis can lead to serious health issues, such as heart attacks and strokes. Several factors can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle. Maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding tobacco can help reduce the risk of this condition. Early detection and management are crucial for preventing complications.