Hydrothermal deposits are mineral-rich formations created by hot, mineral-laden water that circulates through rocks in the Earth's crust. As this heated water rises and cools, it can deposit minerals such as gold, silver, and copper in cracks and cavities, forming valuable ore bodies. These deposits often occur near volcanic regions or tectonic plate boundaries. The process of hydrothermal mineralization involves the interaction of water with surrounding rocks, which alters their chemical composition. This can lead to the formation of various minerals, including quartz and pyrite. Hydrothermal deposits are significant sources of metals and are important for mining industries worldwide.