The horned viper, also known as the horned desert viper or Horned viper (Vipera ammodytes), is a venomous snake found primarily in the deserts of North Africa and parts of the Middle East. It is characterized by its distinctive horn-like scales above its eyes, which help it blend into its sandy environment. This snake typically has a stout body and can vary in color, often displaying shades of brown, yellow, or gray. Horned vipers are primarily nocturnal hunters, preying on small mammals, birds, and lizards. They use their excellent camouflage to ambush unsuspecting prey. While their venom is potent, they are generally not aggressive and will often retreat when threatened. Conservation efforts are important to protect their habitats from human encroachment and climate change.