The Herodian dynasty was a ruling family in ancient Judea, established by Herod the Great around 37 BCE. Herod was known for his ambitious building projects, including the expansion of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, and for his role in the political landscape of the region during Roman rule. The dynasty included several of Herod's descendants, who governed various territories in Judea and surrounding areas. The dynasty is often associated with the tumultuous period of the Roman Empire in the region, marked by political intrigue and conflict. After Herod's death in 4 BCE, his kingdom was divided among his sons, leading to a decline in power and influence. The Herodian dynasty ultimately ended with the Roman annexation of Judea in 6 CE.