The term "Herodian" refers to a group of people and a dynasty associated with the rule of Herod the Great and his descendants in ancient Judea. Herod the Great, who ruled from 37 to 4 BCE, is known for his ambitious building projects, including the expansion of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, and for his role in the historical context of the New Testament. The Herodian dynasty continued after Herod's death, with his sons and grandsons taking on various roles in the region. They were known for their complex relationships with the Roman Empire and their efforts to maintain power in a politically turbulent environment. The Herodians are often mentioned in historical texts, including the works of the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus.