The Herodian Dynasty was a ruling family in ancient Judea, established by Herod the Great around 37 BCE. Herod is known for his extensive building projects, including the expansion of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, and for his role in the biblical narrative surrounding the birth of Jesus. The dynasty was marked by political intrigue and alliances with the Roman Empire. After Herod's death in 4 BCE, the kingdom was divided among his sons, including Archelaus, Antipas, and Philip. Each son ruled different regions, but the dynasty faced challenges from local uprisings and external pressures. The Herodian rule ended with the Roman annexation of Judea in 6 CE, leading to direct Roman governance.