Henry Fitzwilliam, 2nd Earl of Southampton (c. 1600–1667), was an English nobleman and politician. He was the son of Henry Fitzwilliam, 1st Earl of Southampton and inherited the title in 1624. He served in the House of Lords and was known for his involvement in the political affairs of his time, particularly during the English Civil War. Southampton was a supporter of the Royalist cause, aligning himself with King Charles I. He was imprisoned for a time due to his political activities but later regained his position. His legacy includes his contributions to the political landscape of 17th-century England.