Henry Fitzwilliam, 1st Earl of Southampton (c. 1531–1594), was an English nobleman and politician during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. He was born into a prominent family and became a significant figure in the court, known for his loyalty to the crown. Fitzwilliam held various positions, including serving as a member of the Privy Council. As the Earl of Southampton, he was involved in military and diplomatic affairs, notably during the Spanish Armada crisis. His estate, Southampton, was a key port city, which played a vital role in England's maritime activities. Fitzwilliam's legacy includes his contributions to the political landscape of Elizabethan England.