Hellenistic warfare refers to the military practices and strategies that emerged after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE, during the period known as the Hellenistic Era. This era saw the expansion of Greek culture and influence across a vast territory, leading to the development of new tactics, formations, and technologies in warfare. Armies became larger and more diverse, incorporating various units such as phalanxes, cavalry, and siege engines. The Hellenistic period also witnessed the rise of powerful kingdoms, such as the Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemaic Kingdom, which competed for dominance. Warfare during this time often involved complex strategies, including the use of mercenaries and alliances. Innovations like the catapult and improved naval tactics played crucial roles in battles, reflecting the evolving nature of military conflict in the ancient world.