The term "Hellenes" refers to the ancient Greeks, who were the people of Greece and its surrounding regions during classical antiquity. They spoke the Greek language and shared a common culture, religion, and identity. The Hellenes made significant contributions to art, philosophy, politics, and science, laying the foundations for Western civilization. The Hellenic period is often associated with notable figures such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, who were influential philosophers. Additionally, the Hellenes are known for their achievements in architecture, exemplified by structures like the Parthenon, and for the establishment of the Olympic Games, which celebrated athletic prowess and unity among the city-states.