Heap analysis is a technique used in computer science to examine the memory allocation of a program. It focuses on the heap, a region of memory where dynamic memory allocation occurs. By analyzing the heap, developers can identify memory leaks, inefficient memory usage, and other issues that may affect a program's performance. This analysis often involves tools that track memory allocation and deallocation, helping to visualize how memory is used over time. By understanding heap behavior, developers can optimize their code, leading to improved efficiency and reduced resource consumption in applications.