Garbage Collection is a process used in computer programming to automatically manage memory. It helps to identify and reclaim memory that is no longer in use, preventing memory leaks and optimizing performance. This allows developers to focus on writing code without worrying about manually freeing up memory. The process works by periodically scanning the program's memory to find objects that are no longer referenced or needed. Once identified, these objects are removed, freeing up space for new data. This automatic management helps maintain the efficiency and stability of applications, especially in long-running programs.