The Hawaiian monarchy was a system of governance in the Hawaiian Islands that lasted from the early 19th century until the late 19th century. It began with King Kamehameha I, who united the islands in 1810. The monarchy included notable rulers such as Queen Liliʻuokalani, the last reigning monarch, who faced challenges from foreign interests and internal political strife. In 1893, the monarchy was overthrown by a group of American and European businessmen, leading to the establishment of a provisional government. This event marked the end of the Hawaiian monarchy and eventually led to the annexation of Hawaii by the United States in 1898.