The Hawaiian Kingdom was an independent nation that existed from 1810 until 1893. It was established when King Kamehameha I united the Hawaiian Islands, creating a centralized monarchy. The kingdom developed its own government, economy, and international relations, engaging with various countries, including the United States and Britain. In 1893, the Hawaiian Kingdom was overthrown by a group of American and European businessmen, leading to the establishment of a provisional government. This event ultimately resulted in the annexation of Hawaii by the United States in 1898, marking the end of the Hawaiian Kingdom's sovereignty.