Harvey Cushing was an American neurosurgeon born on April 8, 1869, in Cleveland, Ohio. He is often referred to as the "father of modern neurosurgery" for his pioneering techniques in brain surgery and his contributions to the understanding of the brain and its diseases. Cushing developed methods to safely remove brain tumors and introduced the use of the operating microscope in neurosurgery. In addition to his surgical innovations, Cushing was also a skilled researcher and writer. He published numerous papers and books, including a comprehensive work on pituitary gland disorders, which led to the identification of Cushing's disease. His legacy continues to influence the field of neurosurgery today.