Griffith's Theory, proposed by A.A. Griffith in 1920, explains how materials fail under stress. It focuses on the role of microscopic flaws or cracks in a material, suggesting that these imperfections can significantly reduce a material's strength. When stress is applied, these flaws can grow, leading to failure even if the material appears intact. The theory is particularly relevant in fields like materials science and engineering, where understanding the failure of materials is crucial. By analyzing how cracks propagate, engineers can design stronger materials and structures, improving safety and durability in various applications, from construction to aerospace.