Material failure refers to the inability of a material to withstand applied forces or loads, leading to its breakdown or collapse. This can occur due to various factors, including excessive stress, fatigue, corrosion, or manufacturing defects. When materials fail, they may fracture, deform, or lose their structural integrity, which can pose safety risks in engineering and construction. Common examples of material failure include the breaking of a steel beam under heavy load or the cracking of concrete due to temperature changes. Understanding material failure is crucial for engineers and designers to ensure the reliability and safety of structures and products.