The term "Graeci" refers to the ancient Greeks, a civilization known for its significant contributions to art, philosophy, and politics. They inhabited the region of Greece and established city-states like Athens and Sparta. The Greeks are credited with the development of democracy, particularly in Athens, where citizens participated directly in decision-making. The ancient Greeks also made remarkable advancements in various fields, including mathematics, science, and theater. Notable figures such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle laid the foundations for Western philosophy. Their cultural legacy continues to influence modern society in numerous ways, from literature to government.