The global population refers to the total number of people living on Earth at any given time. As of 2023, the world population is estimated to be over 8 billion. This number has grown significantly over the past century due to factors such as advances in medicine, agriculture, and sanitation, which have improved life expectancy and reduced mortality rates. Population growth varies by region, with some areas experiencing rapid increases while others face stagnation or decline. Countries like India and Nigeria are among those with the highest growth rates, while nations such as Japan and Germany are dealing with aging populations and lower birth rates.