Ghana's history dates back to ancient times, with the rise of powerful kingdoms such as the Ghana Empire in the 4th century. This empire was known for its wealth, particularly in gold, and played a significant role in trans-Saharan trade. Over the centuries, various groups, including the Mali Empire and the Songhai Empire, influenced the region. In the late 15th century, European explorers arrived, leading to the establishment of British colonial rule in the 19th century. Ghana became the first African country to gain independence in 1957, with Kwame Nkrumah as its first president, marking a significant moment in the continent's history.