German intellectual life has a rich history, characterized by significant contributions to philosophy, literature, and science. Key figures such as Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe have shaped Western thought through their groundbreaking ideas and works. The tradition of rigorous debate and critical thinking is evident in the country's universities and cultural institutions. In the 20th century, Germany became a center for various movements, including Expressionism in art and Critical Theory in social sciences. The influence of thinkers like Theodor Adorno and Hannah Arendt continues to resonate today, reflecting Germany's ongoing commitment to intellectual exploration and cultural dialogue.