The geology of Papua New Guinea is characterized by its complex tectonic setting, primarily influenced by the collision of the Australian and Pacific tectonic plates. This interaction has created a diverse landscape, including mountains, volcanoes, and deep ocean trenches. The region is known for its rich mineral resources, including gold, copper, and oil. The country features a variety of rock types, ranging from ancient metamorphic rocks to younger volcanic formations. The Bismarck Sea and surrounding areas are also significant for their geological activity, including frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, which shape the land and influence local ecosystems.