Geological layers, also known as strata, are distinct layers of rock and soil that have formed over millions of years. Each layer represents a specific period in Earth's history, capturing information about the environment, climate, and life forms that existed at that time. The study of these layers helps scientists understand the planet's geological processes and the evolution of life. These layers are typically arranged in a sequence, with the oldest layers at the bottom and the youngest at the top, following the principle of superposition. Fossils found within these layers provide valuable insights into past ecosystems and can help identify changes in climate and geological activity.