Gene transformation is a process where the genetic material of an organism is altered by introducing new DNA. This can occur naturally, as seen in some bacteria, or can be done artificially in laboratories. Scientists use various methods, such as bacterial transformation or gene editing techniques, to insert new genes into cells, allowing them to express new traits. The purpose of gene transformation can vary, including improving crop resistance in agriculture or developing new treatments in medicine. By understanding and manipulating genes, researchers can enhance the abilities of organisms, leading to advancements in biotechnology and genetic research.