Gene cloning is a scientific technique used to create copies of a specific gene. This process involves isolating the gene of interest from an organism's DNA and inserting it into a vector, such as a plasmid. The vector then carries the gene into a host cell, often a bacterium, where it can replicate and produce multiple copies of the gene. Once the gene is cloned, researchers can study its function, produce proteins, or even use it for therapeutic purposes. Gene cloning plays a crucial role in fields like medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology, enabling advancements such as the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and gene therapy.